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# SystemOfUnits.py

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    00001 # File: AthenaCommon/share/SystemOfUnits.py
    00002 # Author: Wim Lavrijsen (LBNL, WLavrijsen@lbl.gov)
    00003 # Created: 01/21/04
    00004 # Last: 01/21/04
    00005
    00006 # This script is a direct adaptation of CLHEP/Units/SystemOfUnits.h
    00007 # and the following is the originial CLHEP comment:
    00008 #
    00009 # -----
    00010 # HEP coherent system of Units
    00011 #
    00012 # This file has been provided to CLHEP by Geant4 (simulation toolkit for HEP).
    00013 #
    00014 # The basic units are :
    00015 #               millimeter              (millimeter)
    00016 #               nanosecond              (nanosecond)
    00017 #               Mega electron Volt      (MeV)
    00018 #               positron charge         (eplus)
    00019 #               degree Kelvin           (kelvin)
    00020 #              the amount of substance (mole)
    00021 #              luminous intensity      (candela)
    00022 #               radian                  (radian)
    00023 #              steradian               (steradian)
    00024 #
    00025 # Below is a non exhaustive list of derived and pratical units
    00026 # (i.e. mostly the SI units).
    00027 # You can add your own units.
    00028 #
    00029 # The SI numerical value of the positron charge is defined here,
    00030 # as it is needed for conversion factor : positron charge = e_SI (coulomb)
    00031 #
    00032 # The others physical constants are defined in the header file :
    00033 #                       PhysicalConstants.h
    00034 #
    00035 # Authors: M.Maire, S.Giani
    00036 #
    00037 # History:
    00038 #
    00039 # 06.02.96   Created.
    00040 # 28.03.96   Added miscellaneous constants.
    00041 # 05.12.97   E.Tcherniaev: Redefined pascal (to avoid warnings on WinNT)
    00042 # 20.05.98   names: meter, second, gram, radian, degree
    00043 #            (from Brian.Lasiuk@yale.edu (STAR)). Added luminous units.
    00044 # 05.08.98   angstrom, picobarn, microsecond, picosecond, petaelectronvolt
    00045 # 01.03.01   parsec
    00046 # -----
    00047
    00048 #
    00049 # Length [L]
    00050 #
    00051 millimeter  = 1.
    00052 millimeter2 = millimeter*millimeter
    00053 millimeter3 = millimeter*millimeter*millimeter
    00054
    00055 centimeter  = 10.*millimeter
    00056 centimeter2 = centimeter*centimeter
    00057 centimeter3 = centimeter*centimeter*centimeter
    00058
    00059 meter  = 1000.*millimeter
    00060 meter2 = meter*meter
    00061 meter3 = meter*meter*meter
    00062
    00063 kilometer = 1000.*meter
    00064 kilometer2 = kilometer*kilometer
    00065 kilometer3 = kilometer*kilometer*kilometer
    00066
    00067 parsec = 3.0856775807e+16*meter
    00068
    00069 micrometer = 1.e-6 *meter
    00070 nanometer  = 1.e-9 *meter
    00071 angstrom   = 1.e-10*meter
    00072 fermi      = 1.e-15*meter
    00073
    00074 barn       = 1.e-28*meter2
    00075 millibarn  = 1.e-3 *barn
    00076 microbarn  = 1.e-6 *barn
    00077 nanobarn   = 1.e-9 *barn
    00078 picobarn   = 1.e-12*barn
    00079
    00080 # symbols
    00081 mm  = millimeter
    00082 mm2 = millimeter2
    00083 mm3 = millimeter3
    00084
    00085 cm  = centimeter
    00086 cm2 = centimeter2
    00087 cm3 = centimeter3
    00088
    00089 m  = meter
    00090 m2 = meter2
    00091 m3 = meter3
    00092
    00093 km  = kilometer
    00094 km2 = kilometer2
    00095 km3 = kilometer3
    00096
    00097 pc = parsec
    00098
    00099 #
    00100 # Angle
    00101 #
    00102 radian      = 1.
    00103 milliradian = 1.e-3*radian
    00104 degree = (3.14159265358979323846/180.0)*radian
    00105
    00106 steradian   = 1.
    00107
    00108 # symbols
    00109 rad  = radian
    00110 mrad = milliradian
    00111 sr   = steradian
    00112 deg  = degree
    00113
    00114 #
    00115 # Time [T]
    00116 #
    00117 nanosecond  = 1.
    00118 second      = 1.e+9 *nanosecond
    00119 millisecond = 1.e-3 *second
    00120 microsecond = 1.e-6 *second
    00121 picosecond  = 1.e-12*second
    00122 femtosecond = 1.e-15*second
    00123
    00124 hertz = 1./second
    00125 kilohertz = 1.e+3*hertz
    00126 megahertz = 1.e+6*hertz
    00127
    00128 # symbols
    00129 ns = nanosecond
    00130 s  = second
    00131 ms = millisecond
    00132
    00133 #
    00134 # Electric charge [Q]
    00135 #
    00136 eplus = 1.                                   # positron charge
    00137 e_SI  = 1.60217733e-19                       # positron charge in coulomb
    00138 coulomb = eplus/e_SI                         # coulomb = 6.24150 e+18 * eplus
    00139
    00140 #
    00141 # Energy [E]
    00142 #
    00143 megaelectronvolt = 1.
    00144 electronvolt     = 1.e-6*megaelectronvolt
    00145 kiloelectronvolt = 1.e-3*megaelectronvolt
    00146 gigaelectronvolt = 1.e+3*megaelectronvolt
    00147 teraelectronvolt = 1.e+6*megaelectronvolt
    00148 petaelectronvolt = 1.e+9*megaelectronvolt
    00149
    00150 joule = electronvolt/e_SI                    # joule = 6.24150 e+12 * MeV
    00151
    00152 # symbols
    00153 MeV = megaelectronvolt
    00154 eV  = electronvolt
    00155 keV = kiloelectronvolt
    00156 GeV = gigaelectronvolt
    00157 TeV = teraelectronvolt
    00158 PeV = petaelectronvolt
    00159
    00160 #
    00161 # Mass [E][T^2][L^-2]
    00162 #
    00163 kilogram  = joule*second*second/(meter*meter)
    00164 gram      = 1.e-3*kilogram
    00165 milligram = 1.e-3*gram
    00166
    00167 # symbols
    00168 kg = kilogram
    00169 g  = gram
    00170 mg = milligram
    00171
    00172 #
    00173 # Power [E][T^-1]
    00174 #
    00175 watt = joule/second                          # watt = 6.24150 e+3 * MeV/ns
    00176
    00177 #
    00178 # Force [E][L^-1]
    00179 #
    00180 newton = joule/meter                         # newton = 6.24150 e+9 * MeV/mm
    00181
    00182 #
    00183 # Pressure [E][L^-3]
    00184 #
    00185 hep_pascal = newton/m2                       # pascal = 6.24150 e+3 * MeV/mm3
    00186 pascal     = hep_pascal                      # a trick to avoid warnings
    00187 bar        = 100000*pascal                   # bar    = 6.24150 e+8 * MeV/mm3
    00188 atmosphere = 101325*pascal                   # atm    = 6.32420 e+8 * MeV/mm3
    00189
    00190 #
    00191 # Electric current [Q][T^-1]
    00192 #
    00193 ampere      = coulomb/second                 # ampere = 6.24150 e+9 * eplus/ns
    00194 milliampere = 1.e-3*ampere
    00195 microampere = 1.e-6*ampere
    00196 nanoampere  = 1.e-9*ampere
    00197
    00198 #
    00199 # Electric potential [E][Q^-1]
    00200 #
    00201 megavolt = megaelectronvolt/eplus
    00202 kilovolt = 1.e-3*megavolt
    00203 volt = 1.e-6*megavolt
    00204
    00205 #
    00206 # Electric resistance [E][T][Q^-2]
    00207 #
    00208 ohm = volt/ampere                            # ohm = 1.60217e-16*(MeV/eplus)/(eplus/ns)
    00209
    00210 #
    00211 # Electric capacitance [Q^2][E^-1]
    00212 #
    00213 farad = coulomb/volt                         # farad = 6.24150e+24 * eplus/Megavolt
    00214 millifarad = 1.e-3*farad
    00215 microfarad = 1.e-6*farad
    00216 nanofarad = 1.e-9*farad
    00217 picofarad = 1.e-12*farad
    00218
    00219 #
    00220 # Magnetic Flux [T][E][Q^-1]
    00221 #
    00222 weber = volt*second                          # weber = 1000*megavolt*ns
    00223
    00224 #
    00225 # Magnetic Field [T][E][Q^-1][L^-2]
    00226 #
    00227 tesla     = volt*second/meter2               # tesla =0.001*megavolt*ns/mm2
    00228
    00229 gauss     = 1.e-4*tesla
    00230 kilogauss = 1.e-1*tesla
    00231
    00232 #
    00233 # Inductance [T^2][E][Q^-2]
    00234 #
    00235 henry = weber/ampere                         # henry = 1.60217e-7*MeV*(ns/eplus)**2
    00236
    00237 #
    00238 # Temperature
    00239 #
    00240 kelvin = 1.
    00241
    00242 #
    00243 # Amount of substance
    00244 #
    00245 mole = 1.
    00246
    00247 #
    00248 # Activity [T^-1]
    00249 #
    00250 becquerel = 1./second
    00251 curie = 3.7e+10 * becquerel
    00252
    00253 #
    00254 # Absorbed dose [L^2][T^-2]
    00255 #
    00256 gray = joule/kilogram
    00257
    00258 #
    00259 # Luminous intensity [I]
    00260 #
    00261 candela = 1.
    00262
    00263 #
    00264 # Luminous flux [I]
    00265 #
    00266 lumen = candela*steradian
    00267
    00268 #
    00269 # Illuminance [I][L^-2]
    00270 #
    00271 lux = lumen/meter2
    00272
    00273 #
    00274 # Miscellaneous
    00275 #
    00276 perCent     = 0.01
    00277 perThousand = 0.001
    00278 perMillion  = 0.000001