Bindings.py

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# File: GaudiPython/Bindings.py
# Author: Pere Mato (pere.mato@cern.ch)
""" GaudiPython.Bindings module.
    This module provides the basic bindings of the main Gaudi
    components to Python. It is itself based on the ROOT cppyy
    Python extension module.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function

__all__ = [
    'gbl', 'InterfaceCast', 'Interface', 'PropertyEntry', 'AppMgr',
    'PyAlgorithm', 'CallbackStreamBuf', 'iAlgorithm', 'iDataSvc',
    'iHistogramSvc', 'iNTupleSvc', 'iService', 'iAlgTool', 'Helper', 'SUCCESS',
    'FAILURE', 'toArray', 'ROOT', 'makeNullPointer', 'setOwnership',
    'getClass', 'loaddict', 'deprecation'
]

from GaudiKernel import ROOT6WorkAroundEnabled

import os
import sys
import string
import warnings
import re
try:
    import cppyy
except ImportError:
    # FIXME: backward compatibility
    print("# WARNING: using PyCintex as cppyy implementation")
    import PyCintex as cppyy

if sys.version_info >= (3, ):
    # Python 2 compatibility
    long = int

if ROOT6WorkAroundEnabled('ROOT-5478'):
    # Trigger the loading of GaudiKernelDict
    cppyy.gbl.DataObject
    # Trigger the loading of GaudiPythonDict
    cppyy.gbl.Chrono

from . import Pythonizations
# Import Configurable from AthenaCommon or GaudiKernel if the first is not
# available.
from GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable import Configurable, getNeededConfigurables

# namespaces
gbl = cppyy.gbl
Gaudi = gbl.Gaudi

_gaudi = None

# ---- Useful shortcuts for classes -------------------------------------------
gbl.gInterpreter.Declare('#include "GaudiKernel/Property.h"')
Helper = gbl.GaudiPython.Helper
StringProperty = gbl.Gaudi.Property('std::string')
StringPropertyRef = gbl.Gaudi.Property('std::string&')
GaudiHandleProperty = gbl.GaudiHandleProperty
GaudiHandleArrayProperty = gbl.GaudiHandleArrayProperty
DataObject = gbl.DataObject
SUCCESS = gbl.StatusCode(gbl.StatusCode.SUCCESS, True)
FAILURE = gbl.StatusCode(gbl.StatusCode.FAILURE, True)
# Helper to create a StringProperty
cppyy.gbl.gInterpreter.Declare('''
namespace GaudiPython { namespace Helpers {
  Gaudi::Property<std::string> mkStringProperty(const std::string &name,
                                                const std::string &value) {
    return Gaudi::Property<std::string>{name, value};
  }
}}''')

# toIntArray, toShortArray, etc.
for l in [l for l in dir(Helper) if re.match("^to.*Array$", l)]:
    exec ("%s = Helper.%s" % (l, l))
    __all__.append(l)

# FIXME: (MCl) Hack to handle ROOT 5.18 and ROOT >= 5.20
if hasattr(Helper, "toArray"):
    # This is not backward compatible, but allows to use the same signature
    # with all the versions of ROOT.
    def toArray(typ):
        return getattr(Helper, "toArray")
else:
    # forward to the actual implementation of GaudiPython::Helper::toArray<T>
    def toArray(typ):
        return getattr(Helper, "toArray<%s>" % typ)


# ----Convenient accessors to PyROOT functionality ----------------------------
ROOT = cppyy.libPyROOT
makeNullPointer = cppyy.libPyROOT.MakeNullPointer
setOwnership = cppyy.libPyROOT.SetOwnership


def deprecation(message):
    warnings.warn('GaudiPython: ' + message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)


# ----InterfaceCast class -----------------------------------------------------


class InterfaceCast(object):
    """ Helper class to obtain the adequate interface from a component
        by using the Gaudi queryInterface() mechanism """

    def __init__(self, t):
        if type(t) is str:
            t = getattr(gbl, t)
        self.type = t

    def __call__(self, obj):
        if obj:
            ip = makeNullPointer(self.type)
            try:
                if obj.queryInterface(self.type.interfaceID(), ip).isSuccess():
                    return ip
                else:
                    print("ERROR: queryInterface failed for", obj,
                          "interface:", self.type)
            except Exception as e:
                print("ERROR: exception", e,
                      "caught when retrieving interface", self.type,
                      "for object", obj)
                import traceback
                traceback.print_stack()
        return None

    cast = __call__


# ---Interface class (for backward compatibility)------------------------------


class Interface(InterfaceCast):
    def __init__(self, t):
        deprecation('Use InterfaceCast class instead')
        InterfaceCast.__init__(self, t)

    def cast(self, obj):
        return self(obj)


# ----load dictionary function using Gaudi function----------------------------


def loaddict(dict):
    """ Load a LCG dictionary using various mechanisms"""
    if Helper.loadDynamicLib(dict) == 1:
        return
    else:
        try:
            cppyy.loadDict(dict)
        except:
            raise ImportError('Error loading dictionary library')


# ---get a class (by loading modules if needed)--------------------------------


def getClass(name, libs=[]):
    """
    Function to retrieve a certain C++ class by name and to load dictionary if requested

    Usage:

    from gaudimodule import getClass
    # one knows that class is already loaded
    AppMgr     = getClass( 'ApplicationMgr'           )
    # one knows where to look for class, if not loaded yet
    MCParticle = getClass( 'MCParticle' , 'EventDict' )
    # one knows where to look for class, if not loaded yet
    Vertex     = getClass( 'Vertex' , ['EventDict', 'PhysEventDict'] )
    """
    # see if class is already loaded
    if hasattr(gbl, name):
        return getattr(gbl, name)
    # try to load dictionaries and  look for the required class
    if type(libs) is not list:
        libs = [libs]
    for lib in libs:
        loaddict(lib)
        if hasattr(gbl, name):
            return getattr(gbl, name)
    # return None ( or raise exception? I do not know...  )
    return None


# ----PropertyEntry class------------------------------------------------------


class PropertyEntry(object):
    """ holds the value and the documentation string of a property """

    def __init__(self, prop):
        self._type = type(prop).__name__
        self.__doc__ = " --- Property type is " + self.ptype()

        if issubclass(type(prop), GaudiHandleProperty):
            self._value = prop.value()  # do nothing for ATLAS' handles
        elif issubclass(type(prop), GaudiHandleArrayProperty):
            self._value = prop.value()  # do nothing for ATLAS' handles
        else:
            # for all other types try to extract the native python type
            try:
                self._value = eval(prop.toString(), {}, {})
            except:
                if hasattr(prop, 'value'):
                    self._value = prop.value()
                else:
                    self._value = prop.toString()

        self.__doc__ += " --- Default value = " + str(self._value) + " --- "
        if prop.documentation() != 'none':
            self.__doc__ = prop.documentation() + '\\n' + self.__doc__
        # keep the original property
        self._property = prop  # property itself

    def value(self):
        return self._value

    def ptype(self):
        return self._type

    def property(self):
        "Return the underlying  property itself "
        return self._property

    def documentation(self):
        return self.__doc__

    def hasDoc(self):
        return len(self.__doc__) > 0 and self.__doc__ != 'none'


# ----iProperty class----------------------------------------------------------


class iProperty(object):
    """ Python equivalent to the C++ Property interface """

    def __init__(self, name, ip=None):
        if ip:
            self.__dict__['_ip'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IProperty)(ip)
        else:
            self.__dict__['_ip'] = None
        self.__dict__['_svcloc'] = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
        optsvc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, 'JobOptionsSvc')
        if optsvc:
            self.__dict__['_optsvc'] = InterfaceCast(
                gbl.IJobOptionsSvc)(optsvc)
        else:
            self.__dict__['_optsvc'] = None
        self.__dict__['_name'] = name

    def getInterface(self):
        if not self._ip:
            self.retrieveInterface()
        return self._ip

    def retrieveInterface(self):
        pass

    def __call_interface_method__(self, ifname, method, *args):
        if not getattr(self, ifname):
            self.retrieveInterface()
        return getattr(getattr(self, ifname), method)(*args)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        """
        The method which is used for setting the property from the given value.
        - In the case of the valid instance it sets the property through IProperty interface
        - In the case of placeholder the property is added to JobOptionsCatalogue
        """
        if hasattr(value, 'toStringProperty'):
            # user defined behaviour
            value = '%s' % value.toStringProperty()
        ip = self.getInterface()
        if ip:
            if not gbl.Gaudi.Utils.hasProperty(ip, name):
                raise AttributeError('property %s does not exist' % name)
            prop = ip.getProperty(name)

            if ROOT6WorkAroundEnabled('ROOT-7201'):
                canSetValue = (hasattr(prop, 'value')
                               and 'const&[' not in prop.value.func_doc
                               and type(value) == type(prop.value()))
            else:
                canSetValue = (hasattr(prop, 'value')
                               and type(value) == type(prop.value()))

            if canSetValue:
                if not prop.setValue(value):
                    raise AttributeError(
                        'property %s could not be set from %s' % (name, value))
            else:
                if tuple == type(value):
                    value = str(value)
                elif hasattr(value, 'toString'):
                    value = value.toString()
                elif not long == type(value):
                    value = '%s' % value
                else:
                    value = '%d' % value
                if ROOT6WorkAroundEnabled('ROOT-6028'):
                    sc = cppyy.gbl.GaudiPython.Helper.setPropertyFromString(
                        prop, value)
                else:
                    sc = prop.fromString(value)
                if sc.isFailure():
                    raise AttributeError(
                        'property %s could not be set from %s' % (name, value))
        else:
            if type(value) == str:
                value = '"%s"' % value  # need double quotes
            elif type(value) == tuple:
                value = str(value)
            elif hasattr(value, 'toString'):
                value = value.toString()
            elif type(value) == long:
                value = '%d' % value  # prevent pending 'L'
            sp = gbl.GaudiPython.Helpers.mkStringProperty(name, str(value))
            self._optsvc.addPropertyToCatalogue(self._name, sp).ignore()

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        """
        The method which returns the value for the given property
        - In the case of the valid instance it returns the valid property value through IProperty interface
        - In the case of placeholder the property value is retrieved from JobOptionsCatalogue
        """
        ip = self.getInterface()
        if ip:
            if not gbl.Gaudi.Utils.hasProperty(ip, name):
                raise AttributeError('property %s does not exist' % name)
            prop = ip.getProperty(name)
            if StringProperty == type(prop):
                return prop.value()
            elif StringPropertyRef == type(prop):
                return prop.value()
            try:
                return eval(prop.toString(), {}, {})
            except:
                return prop.value()
        else:
            props = self._optsvc.getProperties(self._name)
            for p in props:
                if not p.name() == name:
                    continue
                # from JobOptionsSvc we always have only strings
                try:
                    return eval(p.value(), {}, {})
                except:
                    return p.value()
            raise AttributeError('property %s does not exist' % name)

    def properties(self):
        dct = {}
        props = None
        ip = self.getInterface()
        if ip:
            props = ip.getProperties()
            propsFrom = self._name  # "interface"
        else:
            props = self._optsvc.getProperties(self._name)
            propsFrom = "jobOptionsSvc"
        if props:
            for p in props:
                try:
                    dct[p.name()] = PropertyEntry(p)
                except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
                    raise ValueError("gaudimodule.iProperty.properties(): %s%s processing property %s.%s = %s" % \
                        (e.__class__.__name__, e.args,
                         propsFrom, p.name(), p.value()))
        return dct

    def name(self):
        return self._name


# ----iService class-----------------------------------------------------------


class iService(iProperty):
    """ Python equivalent to IProperty interface """

    def __init__(self, name, isvc=None):
        iProperty.__init__(self, name, isvc)
        if isvc:
            self.__dict__['_isvc'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IService)(isvc)
        else:
            self.__dict__['_isvc'] = None

    def retrieveInterface(self):
        isvc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, self._name)
        if isvc:
            iService.__init__(self, self._name, isvc)

    def initialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "initialize")

    def start(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "start")

    def stop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "stop")

    def finalize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "finalize")

    def reinitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "reinitialize")

    def restart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "restart")

    def isValid(self):
        if self._isvc:
            return True
        else:
            return False


# ----iAlgorithm class---------------------------------------------------------


class iAlgorithm(iProperty):
    """ Python equivalent to IAlgorithm interface """

    def __init__(self, name, ialg=None):
        iProperty.__init__(self, name, ialg)
        if ialg:
            self.__dict__['_ialg'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgorithm)(ialg)
        else:
            self.__dict__['_ialg'] = None

    def retrieveInterface(self):
        ialg = Helper.algorithm(
            InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgManager)(self._svcloc), self._name)
        if ialg:
            iAlgorithm.__init__(self, self._name, ialg)

    def initialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "initialize")

    def start(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "start")

    def execute(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "execute")

    def stop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "stop")

    def finalize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "finalize")

    def reinitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "reinitialize")

    def restart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "restart")

    def sysInitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysInitialize")

    def sysStart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysStart")

    def sysExecute(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysExecute")

    def sysStop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysStop")

    def sysFinalize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysFinalize")

    def sysReinitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysReinitialize")

    def sysRestart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysRestart")


# ----iAlgTool class-----------------------------------------------------------


class iAlgTool(iProperty):
    """ Python equivalent to IAlgTool interface (not completed yet) """

    def __init__(self, name, itool=None):
        iProperty.__init__(self, name, itool)
        if itool:
            self.__dict__['_itool'] = itool
        else:
            self.__dict__['_itool'] = None
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, 'ToolSvc', True)
        self.__dict__['_toolsvc'] = iToolSvc('ToolSvc', svc)

    def retrieveInterface(self):
        itool = self._toolsvc._retrieve(self._name)
        if itool:
            iAlgTool.__init__(self, self._name, itool)

    def start(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_itool", "start")

    def stop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_itool", "stop")

    def type(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_itool", "type")

    def name(self):
        if self._itool:
            return self._itool.name()
        else:
            return self._name


# ----iDataSvc class-----------------------------------------------------------


class iDataSvc(iService):
    def __init__(self, name, idp):
        iService.__init__(self, name, idp)
        self.__dict__['_idp'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IDataProviderSvc)(idp)
        self.__dict__['_idm'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IDataManagerSvc)(idp)

    def registerObject(self, path, obj):
        if not self._idp:
            raise AttributeError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return Helper.registerObject(self._idp, path, obj)

    def unregisterObject(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            raise AttributeError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return Helper.unregisterObject(self._idp, path)

    def retrieveObject(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            return None
        return Helper.dataobject(self._idp, path)

    # get object from TES

    def findObject(self, path):
        """

        Get the existing object in TransientStore for the given location

        - loading of object from persistency is NOT triggered
        - 'data-on-demand' action is NOT triggered

        >>> svc  =  ...                     ## get the service
        >>> path =  ...                     ## get the path in Transient Store
        >>> data = svc.findObject ( path )  ## use the method

        """
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return Helper.findobject(self._idp, path)

    # get or retrieve object, possible switch-off 'on-demand' actions
    def getObject(self, path, *args):
        """
        Get object from Transient Store  for the given location

        arguments :
        - path                           : Location of object in Transient Store
        - retrieve          (bool) True  : retrieve versus find
        - disable on-demand (bool) False : temporary disable 'on-demand' actions

        >>> svc  = ...   ## get the service
        >>> path = ...   ## get the path

        >>> data = svc.getObject ( path , False )  ## find object in Transient Store

        ## find object in Transient Store
        #  load form tape or use 'on-demand' action  for missing objects :
        >>> data = svc.getObject ( path , True  )

        ## find object in Transient Store
        #  load from tape or for missing objects, disable 'on-demand'-actions
        >>> data = svc.getObject ( path , True  , True )

        """
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return Helper.getobject(self._idp, path, *args)

    def __getitem__(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return Helper.dataobject(self._idp, path)

    def __setitem__(self, path, obj):
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return self.registerObject(path, obj)

    def __delitem__(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return self.unregisterObject(path)

    def leaves(self, node=None):
        if not node:
            node = self.retrieveObject('')
        ll = gbl.std.vector('IRegistry*')()
        if type(node) is str:
            obj = self.retrieveObject(node)
        else:
            obj = node
        if self._idm.objectLeaves(node, ll).isSuccess():
            return ll

    def dump(self, node=None):
        if not node:
            root = self.retrieveObject('')
            if root:
                node = root.registry()
            else:
                return
        print(node.identifier())
        if node.object():
            for l in self.leaves(node):
                self.dump(l)

    def getList(self, node=None, lst=[], rootFID=None):
        if not node:
            root = self.retrieveObject('')
            if root:
                node = root.registry()
                rootFID = node.address().par()
                lst = []
            else:
                return
        Helper.dataobject(self._idp, node.identifier())
        if node.object():
            lst.append(node.identifier())
            for l in self.leaves(node):
                if l.address() and l.address().par() == rootFID:
                    self.getList(l, lst, rootFID)
                else:
                    continue
        return lst

    def getHistoNames(self, node=None, lst=[]):
        if not node:
            root = self.retrieveObject('')
            if root:
                node = root.registry()
                # rootFID = node.address().par()
                lst = []
            else:
                return
        Helper.dataobject(self._idp, node.identifier())
        if node.object():
            lst.append(node.identifier())
            for l in self.leaves(node):
                if l.name():  # and l.address().par() == rootFID :
                    self.getHistoNames(l, lst)
                else:
                    continue
        return lst

    def setRoot(self, name, obj):
        if not self._idm:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return self._idm.setRoot(name, obj)

    def clearStore(self):
        if not self._idm:
            raise IndexError(
                'C++ service %s does not exist' % self.__dict__['_name'])
        return self._idm.clearStore()


# ----iHistogramSvc class------------------------------------------------------
class iHistogramSvc(iDataSvc):
    def __init__(self, name, ihs):
        self.__dict__['_ihs'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IHistogramSvc)(ihs)
        iDataSvc.__init__(self, name, ihs)

    def retrieve1D(self, path):
        return Helper.histo1D(self._ihs, path)

    def retrieve2D(self, path):
        return Helper.histo2D(self._ihs, path)

    def retrieve3D(self, path):
        return Helper.histo3D(self._ihs, path)

    def retrieveProfile1D(self, path):
        return Helper.profile1D(self._ihs, path)

    def retrieveProfile2D(self, path):
        return Helper.profile2D(self._ihs, path)

    def retrieve(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve AIDA histogram or AIDA profile histogram by path in Histogram Transient Store
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.retrieve ( 'path/to/my/histogram' )
        """
        h = self.retrieve1D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieve2D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieve3D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieveProfile1D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieveProfile2D(path)
        return h

    def book(self, *args):
        """
        Book the histograms(1D,2D&3D) , see IHistogramSvc::book
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.book( .... )
        """
        return self._ihs.book(*args)

    def bookProf(self, *args):
        """
        Book the profile(1D&2D) histograms, see IHistogramSvc::bookProf
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.bookProf( .... )
        """
        return self._ihs.bookProf(*args)

    def __getitem__(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve the object from  Histogram Transient Store (by path)
        The reference to AIDA histogram is returned (if possible)
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc['path/to/my/histogram']
        """
        h = self.retrieve(path)
        if h:
            return h
        return iDataSvc.__getitem__(self, path)

    def getAsAIDA(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve the histogram from  Histogram Transient Store (by path)
        The reference to AIDA histogram is returned (if possible)
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.getAsAIDA ( 'path/to/my/histogram' )
        """
        return self.__getitem__(path)

    def getAsROOT(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve the histogram from  Histogram Transient Store (by path)
        The Underlying native ROOT object is returned (if possible)
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.getAsROOT ( 'path/to/my/histogram' )
        """
        fun = gbl.Gaudi.Utils.Aida2ROOT.aida2root
        return fun(self.getAsAIDA(path))


# ----iNTupleSvc class---------------------------------------------------------


class iNTupleSvc(iDataSvc):
    RowWiseTuple = 42
    ColumnWiseTuple = 43

    def __init__(self, name, ints):
        self.__dict__['_ints'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.INTupleSvc)(ints)
        iDataSvc.__init__(self, name, ints)

    def book(self, *args):
        return self._ints.book(*args)

    def defineOutput(self, files, typ="Gaudi::RootCnvSvc"):
        """ Defines the mapping between logical names and the output file
            Usage:
              defineOutput({'LUN1':'MyFile1.root', 'LUN2':'Myfile2.root'}, svc='Gaudi::RootCnvSvc')
        """
        from . import Persistency as prs
        helper = prs.get(typ)
        helper.configure(AppMgr())
        self.Output = [
            helper.formatOutput(files[lun], lun=lun) for lun in files
        ]
        if AppMgr().HistogramPersistency == 'NONE':
            AppMgr().HistogramPersistency = "ROOT"

    def __getitem__(self, path):
        return iDataSvc.__getitem__(self, path)


# ----iToolSvc class-----------------------------------------------------------
class iToolSvc(iService):
    def __init__(self, name, its):
        self.__dict__['_its'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IToolSvc)(its)
        iService.__init__(self, name, its)

    def _retrieve(self, name, quiet=True):
        sol = _gaudi.OutputLevel
        if quiet:
            self.OutputLevel = 6
        if name.rfind('.') == -1:
            itool = Helper.tool(self._its, '', name, None, False)
        elif name[0:8] == 'ToolSvc.':
            itool = Helper.tool(self._its, '', name[8:], None, False)
        elif name.count('.') > 1:
            ptool = self._retrieve(name[:name.rfind('.')])
            itool = Helper.tool(self._its, '', name[name.rfind('.') + 1:],
                                ptool, False)
        elif _gaudi:
            prop = _gaudi.property(name[:name.rfind('.')])
            itool = Helper.tool(self._its, '', name[name.rfind('.') + 1:],
                                prop._ip, False)
        if quiet:
            self.OutputLevel = sol
        return itool

    def retrieve(self, name):
        return iAlgTool(name, self._retrieve(name, quiet=False))

    def create(self, typ, name=None, parent=None, interface=None):
        if not name:
            name = typ
        itool = Helper.tool(self._its, typ, name, parent, True)
        if interface:
            return InterfaceCast(interface)(itool)
        else:
            return iAlgTool(name, itool)

    def release(self, itool):
        if type(itool) is iAlgTool:
            self._its.releaseTool(itool._itool)


# ----iJopOptSvc class---------------------------------------------------------


class iJobOptSvc(iService):
    """
    Python-image of C++ class IJobOptionsSvc
    """

    # constructor

    def __init__(self, name, svc):
        """ constructor """
        self.__dict__['_optsvc'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IJobOptionsSvc)(svc)
        return iService.__init__(self, name, svc)

    def getProperties(self, component):
        """
        Extract *ALL* properties of the given component
        Usage :
        >>> jos   = gaudi.optSvc()
        >>> props = jos.getProperties( 'Name' )
        """
        props = self._optsvc.getProperties(component)
        prps = {}
        if not props:
            return prps  # RETURN
        for p in props:
            prop = p.name().upper()
            try:
                value = eval(p.value(), {}, {})
            except:
                value = p.value()
            prps[prop] = value

        return prps  # RETURN

    def getProperty(self, component, name):
        """
        Get a certain property of the certain component
        Usage:
        >>> jos  = ...
        >>> extServices = jos.getProperty( 'ApplicationMgr', 'ExtSvc' )
        """
        # get all properties of the component
        all = self.getProperties(component)
        return all.get(name.upper(), None)  # RETURN


# ----iEventSelector class-----------------------------------------------------


class iEventSelector(iService):
    def __init__(self):
        iService.__init__(
            self, 'EventSelector',
            Helper.service(gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator(), 'EventSelector'))
        self.__dict__['g'] = AppMgr()

    def open(self, stream, typ='Gaudi::RootCnvSvc', **kwargs):
        from . import Persistency as prs
        helper = prs.get(typ)
        helper.configure(self.g)
        self.Input = helper.formatInput(stream, **kwargs)
        self.reinitialize()

    def rewind(self):
        # It is not possible to reinitialize EventSelector only
        self.g.service('EventLoopMgr').reinitialize()


# ----AppMgr class-------------------------------------------------------------


class AppMgr(iService):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        global _gaudi
        if not _gaudi:
            newobj = object.__new__(cls)
            cls.__init__(newobj, *args, **kwargs)
            _gaudi = newobj
        return _gaudi

    def __reset__(self):
        global _gaudi
        # Stop, Finalize and Terminate the current AppMgr
        self.exit()
        # release interfaces
        self._evtpro.release()
        self._svcloc.release()
        self._appmgr.release()
        # Reset the C++ globals
        gbl.Gaudi.setInstance(makeNullPointer('ISvcLocator'))
        gbl.Gaudi.setInstance(makeNullPointer('IAppMgrUI'))
        # Reset the Python global
        _gaudi = None

    def __init__(self,
                 outputlevel=-1,
                 joboptions=None,
                 selfoptions={},
                 dllname=None,
                 factname=None):
        global _gaudi
        if _gaudi:
            return
        # Make sure the python stdout buffer is flushed before c++ runs
        sys.stdout.flush()
        # Protection against multiple calls to exit() if the finalization fails
        self.__dict__['_exit_called'] = False
        # keep the Gaudi namespace around (so it is still available during atexit shutdown)...
        self.__dict__['_gaudi_ns'] = Gaudi
        try:
            from GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable import expandvars
        except ImportError:
            # pass-through implementation if expandvars is not defined (AthenaCommon)
            def expandvars(data):
                return data

        if dllname and factname:
            self.__dict__['_appmgr'] = gbl.Gaudi.createApplicationMgr(
                dllname, factname)
        elif dllname:
            self.__dict__['_appmgr'] = gbl.Gaudi.createApplicationMgr(dllname)
        else:
            self.__dict__['_appmgr'] = gbl.Gaudi.createApplicationMgr()
        self.__dict__['_svcloc'] = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
        self.__dict__['_algmgr'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgManager)(self._appmgr)
        self.__dict__['_evtpro'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IEventProcessor)(
            self._appmgr)
        self.__dict__['_svcmgr'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.ISvcManager)(self._appmgr)
        self.__dict__['pyalgorithms'] = []
        iService.__init__(self, 'ApplicationMgr', self._appmgr)
        # ------python specific initialization-------------------------------------
        if self.FSMState(
        ) < Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:  # Not yet configured
            self.JobOptionsType = 'NONE'
            if joboptions:
                from GaudiKernel.ProcessJobOptions import importOptions
                importOptions(joboptions)
            # Ensure that the ConfigurableUser instances have been applied
            import GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable
            if hasattr(GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable,
                       "applyConfigurableUsers"):
                GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable.applyConfigurableUsers()
            # This is the default and could be overridden with "selfopts"
            self.OutputLevel = 3
            try:
                appMgr = Configurable.allConfigurables['ApplicationMgr']
                selfprops = expandvars(appMgr.getValuedProperties())
            except KeyError:
                selfprops = {}
            for p, v in selfprops.items():
                setattr(self, p, v)
            for p, v in selfoptions.items():
                setattr(self, p, v)
            # Override job options
            if outputlevel != -1:
                self.OutputLevel = outputlevel
            self.configure()
        # ---MessageSvc------------------------------------------------------------
        ms = self.service('MessageSvc')
        if 'MessageSvc' in Configurable.allConfigurables:
            msprops = Configurable.allConfigurables['MessageSvc']
            ms = self.service('MessageSvc')
            if hasattr(msprops, "getValuedProperties"):
                msprops = expandvars(msprops.getValuedProperties())
            for p, v in msprops.items():
                setattr(ms, p, v)
        if outputlevel != -1:
            ms.OutputLevel = outputlevel
        # ---JobOptions------------------------------------------------------------
        self.__dict__['_optsvc'] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IJobOptionsSvc)(
            Helper.service(self._svcloc, 'JobOptionsSvc'))
        # ------Configurables initialization (part2)-------------------------------
        mkStringProperty = gbl.GaudiPython.Helpers.mkStringProperty
        for n in getNeededConfigurables():
            c = Configurable.allConfigurables[n]
            if n in ['ApplicationMgr', 'MessageSvc']:
                continue  # These are already done---
            for p, v in c.getValuedProperties().items():
                v = expandvars(v)
                # Note: AthenaCommon.Configurable does not have Configurable.PropertyReference
                if hasattr(Configurable, "PropertyReference") and type(
                        v) == Configurable.PropertyReference:
                    # this is done in "getFullName", but the exception is ignored,
                    # so we do it again to get it
                    v = v.__resolve__()
                if type(v) == str:
                    v = '"%s"' % v  # need double quotes
                elif type(v) == long:
                    v = '%d' % v  # prevent pending 'L'
                self._optsvc.addPropertyToCatalogue(
                    n, mkStringProperty(p, str(v)))
        if hasattr(Configurable, "_configurationLocked"):
            Configurable._configurationLocked = True

        self._install_exit_handlers()

    def _install_exit_handlers(self):
        """Ensure that the exit method is called when exiting from Python, and
        try to ensure that ROOT doesn't intefere too much."""
        import atexit
        atexit.register(self.exit)

        try:
            exit_handlers = atexit._exithandlers
        except AttributeError:
            # Python 3's atext does not expose _exithandlers, so we can't do
            # anything more
            return

        # ---Hack to avoid bad interactions with the ROOT exit handler
        # Look for an exit handler installed by ROOT
        root_handler_installed = False
        for h in exit_handlers:
            func = h[0]
            if hasattr(func, "__module__") and func.__module__ == "ROOT":
                root_handler_installed = True
                break

        # If the handler is not yet installed, let's install our private version
        # that detects that the ROOT exit handler is installed and add our own
        # after it to ensure it is called before.
        if not root_handler_installed:
            orig_register = atexit.register

            def register(func, *targs, **kargs):
                orig_register(func, *targs, **kargs)
                if hasattr(func, "__module__") and func.__module__ == "ROOT":
                    orig_register(self.exit)
                    # we do not need to remove out handler from the list because
                    # it can be safely called more than once

            register.__doc__ = (
                orig_register.__doc__ +
                "\nNote: version hacked by GaudiPython to work " +
                "around a problem with the ROOT exit handler")
            atexit.register = register

    def state(self):
        return self._isvc.FSMState()

    def FSMState(self):
        return self._isvc.FSMState()

    def targetFSMState(self):
        return self._isvc.targetFSMState()

    def service(self, name, interface=None):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name)
        if interface:
            return InterfaceCast(interface)(svc)
        else:
            return iService(name, svc)

    def declSvcType(self, svcname, svctype):
        self._svcmgr.declareSvcType(svcname, svctype)

    def createSvc(self, name):
        return Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)

    def services(self):
        l = self._svcloc.getServices()
        return [s.name() for s in l]

    def algorithm(self, name, createIf=False):
        alg = Helper.algorithm(self._algmgr, name, createIf)
        if not alg:
            return iAlgorithm(name, alg)
        else:
            return iAlgorithm(alg.name(), alg)

    def algorithms(self):
        l = self._algmgr.getAlgorithms()
        return [a.name() for a in l]

    def tool(self, name):
        return iAlgTool(name)

    def property(self, name):
        if name in self.algorithms():
            return self.algorithm(name)
        elif name in self.services():
            return self.service(name)
        else:
            return iProperty(name)

    def datasvc(self, name):
        if self.state() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            self.initialize()
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name)
        return iDataSvc(name, svc)

    def evtsvc(self):
        return self.datasvc('EventDataSvc')

    def detsvc(self):
        return self.datasvc('DetectorDataSvc')

    def filerecordsvc(self):
        return self.datasvc('FileRecordDataSvc')

    def evtsel(self):
        if self.state() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            self.initialize()
        if not hasattr(self, '_evtsel'):
            self.__dict__['_evtsel'] = iEventSelector()
        return self._evtsel

    def histsvc(self, name='HistogramDataSvc'):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name)
        return iHistogramSvc(name, svc)

    def ntuplesvc(self, name='NTupleSvc'):
        if name not in self.ExtSvc:
            self.ExtSvc += [name]
#    if self.HistogramPersistency == 'NONE' : self.HistogramPersistency = 'ROOT'
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)
        return iNTupleSvc(name, svc)

    def partsvc(self):
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            self.initialize()
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, 'ParticlePropertySvc')
        return InterfaceCast(gbl.IParticlePropertySvc)(svc)

    def toolsvc(self, name='ToolSvc'):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)
        return iToolSvc(name, svc)

    def optSvc(self, name='JobOptionsSvc'):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)
        return iJobOptSvc(name, svc)

    def readOptions(self, file):
        return self._optsvc.readOptions(file)

    def addAlgorithm(self, alg):
        """ Add an Algorithm to the list of Top algorithms. It can be either a instance of
            an Algorithm class or it name """
        if type(alg) is str:
            self.topAlg += [alg]
        else:
            self.pyalgorithms.append(alg)
            setOwnership(alg, 0)
            if self.targetFSMState() >= Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
                alg.sysInitialize()
                if self.targetFSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.RUNNING:
                    alg.sysStart()
            self.topAlg += [alg.name()]

    def setAlgorithms(self, algs):
        """ Set the list of Top Algorithms.
            It can be an individual of a list of algorithms names or instances """
        if type(algs) is not list:
            algs = [algs]
        names = []
        for alg in algs:
            if type(alg) is str:
                names.append(alg)
            else:
                self.pyalgorithms.append(alg)
                if self.targetFSMState() >= Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
                    alg.sysInitialize()
                    if self.targetFSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.RUNNING:
                        alg.sysStart()
                names.append(alg.name())
        self.topAlg = names

    def removeAlgorithm(self, alg):
        """ Remove an Algorithm to the list of Top algorithms. It can be either a instance of
            an Algorithm class or it name """
        tmp = self.topAlg
        if type(alg) is str:
            tmp.remove(alg)
        else:
            tmp.remove(alg.name())
            self.pyalgorithms.remove(alg)
            setOwnership(alg, 1)
        self.topAlg = tmp

    def printAlgsSequences(self):
        """
        Print the sequence of Algorithms.
        """

        def printAlgo(algName, appMgr, prefix=' '):
            print(prefix + algName)
            alg = appMgr.algorithm(algName.split("/")[-1])
            prop = alg.properties()
            if "Members" in prop:
                subs = prop["Members"].value()
                for i in subs:
                    printAlgo(i.strip('"'), appMgr, prefix + "     ")

        mp = self.properties()
        prefix = 'ApplicationMgr    SUCCESS '
        print(
            prefix +
            "****************************** Algorithm Sequence ****************************"
        )
        for i in mp["TopAlg"].value():
            printAlgo(i, self, prefix)
        print(
            prefix +
            "******************************************************************************"
        )

    def config(self, **args):
        """
        Simple utility to perform the configuration of Gaudi application.
        It reads the set of input job-options files, and set few
        additional parameters 'options' through the usage of temporary *.opts file
        Usage:
        gaudi.config( files   = [ '$GAUSSOPTS/Gauss.opts'                     ,
                                  '$DECFILESROOT/options/10022_010.0GeV.opts' ] ,
                      options = [ 'EventSelector.PrintFreq   =   5  '         ] )
        """
        files = args.get('files', [])
        for file in files:
            sc = self.readOptions(file)
            if sc.isFailure():
                raise RuntimeError(' Unable to read file "' + file + '" ')
        options = args.get('options', None)
        if options:
            import tempfile
            tmpfilename = tempfile.mktemp()
            tmpfile = open(tmpfilename, 'w')
            tmpfile.write('#pragma print on  \n')
            tmpfile.write('/// File         "' + tmpfilename +
                          '" generated by GaudiPython \n\n')
            for opt in options:
                if type(options) is dict:
                    tmpfile.write(' \t ' + opt + ' = ' + options[opt] +
                                  ' ;  // added by GaudiPython \n')
                else:
                    tmpfile.write(' \t ' + opt +
                                  ' ;  // added by GaudiPython \n')
            tmpfile.write('/// End of  file "' + tmpfilename +
                          '" generated by GaudiPython \n\n')
            tmpfile.close()
            sc = self.readOptions(tmpfilename)
            if sc.isFailure():
                raise RuntimeError(' Unable to read file "' + tmpfilename +
                                   '" ')
            os.remove(tmpfilename)
        # We need to make sure that the options are taken by the ApplicationMgr
        # The state is already configured, so we need to do something....
        if self.FSMState() != Gaudi.StateMachine.OFFLINE:

            # get job-options-service, @see class iJobOptSvc
            jos = self.optSvc()

            # list of all libraries
            _dlls = jos.getProperty(self.name(), 'DLLs')
            # take care about libraries : APPEND if not done yet
            if _dlls:
                libs = [l for l in _dlls if not l in self.DLLs]
                if libs:
                    self.DLLs += libs

            # all external services
            _svcs = jos.getProperty(self.name(), 'ExtSvc')
            # take care about services : APPEND  if not done yet
            if _svcs:
                svcs = [s for s in _svcs if not s in self.ExtSvc]
                if svcs:
                    self.ExtSvc += svcs

            # get all properties
            props = jos.getProperties(self.name())
            # finally treat all other properties (presumably scalar properties)
            for key in props:
                if 'DLLS' == key or 'EXTSVC' == key:
                    continue
                self.__setattr__(key, props[key])
        return SUCCESS  # RETURN

    def configure(self):
        return self._appmgr.configure()

    def start(self):
        return self._appmgr.start()

    def terminate(self):
        return self._appmgr.terminate()

    def run(self, n):
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            sc = self.initialize()
            if sc.isFailure() or self.ReturnCode != 0:
                return sc
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
            sc = self.start()
            if sc.isFailure() or self.ReturnCode != 0:
                return sc
        return self._evtpro.executeRun(n)

    def executeEvent(self):
        return self._evtpro.executeEvent()

    def execute(self):
        return self._evtpro.executeEvent()

    def runSelectedEvents(self, pfn, events):
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            sc = self.initialize()
            if sc.isFailure():
                return sc
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
            sc = self.start()
            if sc.isFailure():
                return sc
        # --- Access a number of services ----
        if not hasattr(self, '_perssvc'):
            self.__dict__['_perssvc'] = self.service('EventPersistencySvc',
                                                     'IAddressCreator')
        if not hasattr(self, '_filecat'):
            self.__dict__['_filecat'] = self.service('FileCatalog',
                                                     'Gaudi::IFileCatalog')
        if not hasattr(self, '_evtmgr'):
            self.__dict__['_evtmgr'] = self.service('EventDataSvc',
                                                    'IDataManagerSvc')
        # --- Get FID from PFN and number of events in file
        if pfn.find('PFN:') == 0:
            pfn = pfn[4:]
        fid, maxevt = _getFIDandEvents(pfn)
        # --- Add FID into catalog if needed ---
        if not self._filecat.existsFID(fid):
            self._filecat.registerPFN(fid, pfn, '')
        # --- Loop over events
        if type(events) is not list:
            events = (events, )
        for evt in events:
            # --- Create POOL Address from Generic Address
            gadd = gbl.GenericAddress(0x02, 1, fid, '/Event', 0, evt)
            oadd = makeNullPointer('IOpaqueAddress')
            self._perssvc.createAddress(gadd.svcType(), gadd.clID(),
                                        gadd.par(), gadd.ipar(), oadd)
            # --- Clear TES, set root and run all algorithms
            self._evtmgr.clearStore()
            self._evtmgr.setRoot('/Event', oadd)
            self._evtpro.executeEvent()

    def exit(self):
        # Protection against multiple calls to exit() if the finalization fails
        if not self._exit_called:
            self.__dict__['_exit_called'] = True
            Gaudi = self._gaudi_ns
            if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.RUNNING:
                self._appmgr.stop().ignore()
            if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
                self._appmgr.finalize().ignore()
            if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
                self._appmgr.terminate()
        return SUCCESS

    # Custom destructor to ensure that the application is correctly finalized when exiting from python.

    def __del__(self):
        self.exit()

    evtSvc = evtsvc
    histSvc = histsvc
    ntupleSvc = ntuplesvc
    evtSel = evtsel
    detSvc = detsvc
    toolSvc = toolsvc
    partSvc = partsvc


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


def _getFIDandEvents(pfn):
    tfile = gbl.TFile.Open(pfn)
    if not tfile:
        raise IOError('Cannot open ROOT file {0}'.format(pfn))
    tree = tfile.Get('##Params')
    tree.GetEvent(0)
    text = tree.db_string
    if 'NAME=FID' in text:
        fid = text[text.rfind('VALUE=') + 6:-1]
    nevt = tfile.Get('_Event').GetEntries()
    tfile.Close()
    return fid, nevt


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


def getComponentProperties(name):
    """ Get all the properties of a component as a Python dictionary.
        The component is instantiated using the component library
    """
    properties = {}
    if name == 'GaudiCoreSvc':
        if Helper.loadDynamicLib(name) != 1:
            raise ImportError('Error loading component library ' + name)
        factorylist = gbl.FactoryTable.instance().getEntries()
        factories = _copyFactoriesFromList(factorylist)
        g = AppMgr(outputlevel=7)
    else:
        g = AppMgr(outputlevel=7)
        if Helper.loadDynamicLib(name) != 1:
            raise ImportError('Error loading component library ' + name)
        factorylist = gbl.FactoryTable.instance().getEntries()
        factories = _copyFactoriesFromList(factorylist)
    svcloc = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
    dummysvc = gbl.Service('DummySvc', svcloc)
    for factory in factories:
        if InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgFactory)(factory):
            ctype = 'Algorithm'
        elif InterfaceCast(gbl.ISvcFactory)(factory):
            ctype = 'Service'
        elif InterfaceCast(gbl.IToolFactory)(factory):
            ctype = 'AlgTool'
        elif factory.ident() == 'ApplicationMgr':
            ctype = 'ApplicationMgr'
        else:
            ctype = 'Unknown'
        cname = factory.ident().split()[-1]
        if ctype in ('Algorithm', 'Service', 'AlgTool', 'ApplicationMgr'):
            try:
                if ctype == 'AlgTool':
                    obj = factory.instantiate(dummysvc)
                else:
                    obj = factory.instantiate(svcloc)
            except RuntimeError as text:
                print('Error instantiating', cname, ' from ', name)
                print(text)
                continue
            prop = iProperty('dummy', obj)
            properties[cname] = [ctype, prop.properties()]
            try:
                obj.release()
            except:
                pass
    return properties


def _copyFactoriesFromList(factories):
    result = []
    for i in range(factories.size()):
        factory = factories.front()
        result.append(factory)
        factories.pop_front()
    for factory in result:
        factories.push_back(factory)
    return result


# ----CallbackStreamBuf--------------------------------------------------------
#    Used for redirecting C++ messages to python
_CallbackStreamBufBase = gbl.GaudiPython.CallbackStreamBuf


class CallbackStreamBuf(_CallbackStreamBufBase):
    def __init__(self, callback):
        _CallbackStreamBufBase.__init__(self, self)
        self.callback = callback

    def _sync(self, string=None):
        if not string:
            return 0
        self.callback(string)
        return 0


# ----PyAlgorithm--------------------------------------------------------------
# Used to implement Algorithms in Python
_PyAlgorithm = gbl.GaudiPython.PyAlgorithm


class PyAlgorithm(_PyAlgorithm):
    def __init__(self, name=None):
        if not name:
            name = self.__class__.__name__
        _PyAlgorithm.__init__(self, self, name)
        self._svcloc = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
        self._algmgr = InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgManager)(self._svcloc)
        sc = self._algmgr.addAlgorithm(self)
        if sc.isFailure():
            raise RuntimeError('Unable to add Algorithm')

    def __del__(self):
        sc = self._algmgr.removeAlgorithm(self)
        if sc.isFailure():
            pass

    def initialize(self):
        return 1

    def start(self):
        return 1

    def execute(self):
        return 1

    def stop(self):
        return 1

    def finalize(self):
        return 1

    def beginRun(self):
        return 1

    def endRun(self):
        return 1


# ----Enable tab completion----------------------------------------------------
try:
    import rlcompleter
    import readline
    readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
except:
    pass