Bindings.py

Go to the documentation of this file.

 
""" GaudiPython.Bindings module.
    This module provides the basic bindings of the main Gaudi
    components to Python. It is itself based on the ROOT cppyy
    Python extension module.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
 
__all__ = [
    "gbl",
    "InterfaceCast",
    "Interface",
    "PropertyEntry",
    "AppMgr",
    "PyAlgorithm",
    "CallbackStreamBuf",
    "iAlgorithm",
    "iDataSvc",
    "iHistogramSvc",
    "iNTupleSvc",
    "iService",
    "iAlgTool",
    "Helper",
    "SUCCESS",
    "FAILURE",
    "toArray",
    "ROOT",
    "makeNullPointer",
    "setOwnership",
    "getClass",
    "loaddict",
    "deprecation",
]
 
import os
import re
import string
import sys
import warnings
 
from GaudiKernel import ROOT6WorkAroundEnabled
 
# Workaround for ROOT-10769
with warnings.catch_warnings():
    warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
    import cppyy
 
if sys.version_info >= (3,):
    # Python 2 compatibility
    long = int
 
if ROOT6WorkAroundEnabled("ROOT-5478"):
    # Trigger the loading of GaudiKernelDict
    cppyy.gbl.DataObject
    # Trigger the loading of GaudiPythonDict
    cppyy.gbl.Chrono
 
# Import Configurable from AthenaCommon or GaudiKernel if the first is not
# available.
from GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable import Configurable, getNeededConfigurables
 
from . import Pythonizations
 
# namespaces
gbl = cppyy.gbl
Gaudi = gbl.Gaudi
 
_gaudi = None
 
# ---- Useful shortcuts for classes -------------------------------------------
gbl.gInterpreter.Declare('#include "Gaudi/Property.h"')
Helper = gbl.GaudiPython.Helper
StringProperty = gbl.Gaudi.Property("std::string")
StringPropertyRef = gbl.Gaudi.Property("std::string&")
GaudiHandleProperty = gbl.GaudiHandleProperty
GaudiHandleArrayProperty = gbl.GaudiHandleArrayProperty
DataObject = gbl.DataObject
SUCCESS = gbl.StatusCode(gbl.StatusCode.SUCCESS)
FAILURE = gbl.StatusCode(gbl.StatusCode.FAILURE)
# Workaround for ROOT-10770
if hasattr(cppyy, "nullptr"):
    nullptr = cppyy.nullptr
elif hasattr(gbl, "nullptr"):
    nullptr = gbl.nullptr
else:
    nullptr = None
# Helper to create a StringProperty
cppyy.gbl.gInterpreter.Declare(
    """
#include <stdexcept>
namespace GaudiPython { namespace Helpers {
  void setProperty(ISvcLocator* svcLoc, std::string key, std::string value) {
    if ( !svcLoc ) throw std::runtime_error( "invalid ISvcLocator pointer" );
    svcLoc->getOptsSvc().set(key, value);
  }
}}
"""
)
 
# toIntArray, toShortArray, etc.
for l in [l for l in dir(Helper) if re.match("^to.*Array$", l)]:
    exec("%s = Helper.%s" % (l, l))
    __all__.append(l)
 
# FIXME: (MCl) Hack to handle ROOT 5.18 and ROOT >= 5.20
if hasattr(Helper, "toArray"):
    # This is not backward compatible, but allows to use the same signature
    # with all the versions of ROOT.
    def toArray(typ):
        return getattr(Helper, "toArray")
 
else:
    # forward to the actual implementation of GaudiPython::Helper::toArray<T>
    def toArray(typ):
        return getattr(Helper, "toArray<%s>" % typ)
 
 
# ----Convenient accessors to PyROOT functionality ----------------------------
# See https://sft.its.cern.ch/jira/browse/ROOT-10771
if hasattr(cppyy, "libPyROOT"):
    ROOT = cppyy.libPyROOT
else:
    import ROOT
makeNullPointer = ROOT.MakeNullPointer
setOwnership = ROOT.SetOwnership
 
 
def deprecation(message):
    warnings.warn("GaudiPython: " + message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
 
 
# ----InterfaceCast class -----------------------------------------------------
 
 
class InterfaceCast(object):
    """Helper class to obtain the adequate interface from a component
    by using the Gaudi queryInterface() mechanism"""
 
    def __init__(self, t):
        if type(t) is str:
            t = getattr(gbl, t)
        self.type = t
 
    def __call__(self, obj):
        if obj:
            ip = makeNullPointer(self.type)
            try:
                if obj.queryInterface(self.type.interfaceID(), ip).isSuccess():
                    return ip
                else:
                    print(
                        "ERROR: queryInterface failed for", obj, "interface:", self.type
                    )
            except Exception as e:
                print(
                    "ERROR: exception",
                    e,
                    "caught when retrieving interface",
                    self.type,
                    "for object",
                    obj,
                )
                import traceback
 
                traceback.print_stack()
        return cppyy.nullptr
 
    cast = __call__
 
 
# ---Interface class (for backward compatibility)------------------------------
 
 
class Interface(InterfaceCast):
    def __init__(self, t):
        deprecation("Use InterfaceCast class instead")
        InterfaceCast.__init__(self, t)
 
    def cast(self, obj):
        return self(obj)
 
 
# ----load dictionary function using Gaudi function----------------------------
 
 
def loaddict(dict):
    """Load an LCG dictionary"""
    loadlib_return_code = Helper.loadDynamicLib(dict)
    if loadlib_return_code == 1:
        return
    raise RuntimeError(
        f"Failed to load dictionary library {dict} (return code {loadlib_return_code})"
    )
 
 
# ---get a class (by loading modules if needed)--------------------------------
 
 
def getClass(name, libs=[]):
    """
    Function to retrieve a certain C++ class by name and to load dictionary if requested
 
    Usage:
 
    from gaudimodule import getClass
    # one knows that class is already loaded
    AppMgr     = getClass( 'ApplicationMgr'           )
    # one knows where to look for class, if not loaded yet
    MCParticle = getClass( 'MCParticle' , 'EventDict' )
    # one knows where to look for class, if not loaded yet
    Vertex     = getClass( 'Vertex' , ['EventDict', 'PhysEventDict'] )
    """
    # see if class is already loaded
    if hasattr(gbl, name):
        return getattr(gbl, name)
    # try to load dictionaries and  look for the required class
    if type(libs) is not list:
        libs = [libs]
    for lib in libs:
        loaddict(lib)
        if hasattr(gbl, name):
            return getattr(gbl, name)
    # return None ( or raise exception? I do not know...  )
    return None
 
 
# ----PropertyEntry class------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class PropertyEntry(object):
    """holds the value and the documentation string of a property"""
 
    def __init__(self, prop):
        self._type = type(prop).__name__
        self.__doc__ = " --- Property type is " + self.ptype()
 
        if issubclass(type(prop), GaudiHandleProperty):
            self._value = prop.value()  # do nothing for ATLAS' handles
        elif issubclass(type(prop), GaudiHandleArrayProperty):
            self._value = prop.value()  # do nothing for ATLAS' handles
        else:
            # for all other types try to extract the native python type
            try:
                self._value = eval(prop.toString(), {}, {})
            except:
                if hasattr(prop, "value"):
                    self._value = prop.value()
                else:
                    self._value = prop.toString()
 
        self.__doc__ += " --- Default value = " + str(self._value) + " --- "
        if prop.documentation() != "none":
            self.__doc__ = prop.documentation() + "\\n" + self.__doc__
        # keep the original property
        self._property = prop  # property itself
 
    def value(self):
        return self._value
 
    def ptype(self):
        return self._type
 
    def property(self):
        "Return the underlying  property itself"
        return self._property
 
    def documentation(self):
        return self.__doc__
 
    def hasDoc(self):
        return len(self.__doc__) > 0 and self.__doc__ != "none"
 
 
# ----iProperty class----------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iProperty(object):
    """Python equivalent to the C++ Property interface"""
 
    def __init__(self, name, ip=cppyy.nullptr):
        self.__dict__["_ip"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IProperty)(ip)
        self.__dict__["_svcloc"] = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
        self.__dict__["_name"] = name
 
    def getInterface(self):
        if not self._ip:
            self.retrieveInterface()
        return self._ip
 
    def retrieveInterface(self):
        pass
 
    def __call_interface_method__(self, ifname, method, *args):
        if not getattr(self, ifname):
            self.retrieveInterface()
        return getattr(getattr(self, ifname), method)(*args)
 
    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        """
        The method which is used for setting the property from the given value.
        - In the case of the valid instance it sets the property through IProperty interface
        - In the case of placeholder the property is added to JobOptionsCatalogue
        """
        if hasattr(value, "toStringProperty"):
            # user defined behaviour
            value = str(value.toStringProperty())
        elif hasattr(value, "toString"):
            value = str(value.toString())
        elif type(value) == long:
            value = "%d" % value  # prevent pending 'L'
        else:
            value = str(value)
 
        ip = self.getInterface()
        if ip:
            if not gbl.Gaudi.Utils.hasProperty(ip, name):
                raise AttributeError("property %s does not exist" % name)
            ip.setPropertyRepr(name, value)
        else:
            gbl.GaudiPython.Helpers.setProperty(
                self._svcloc, ".".join([self._name, name]), value
            )
 
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        """
        The method which returns the value for the given property
        - In the case of the valid instance it returns the valid property value through IProperty interface
        - In the case of placeholder the property value is retrieved from JobOptionsCatalogue
        """
        ip = self.getInterface()
        if ip:
            if not gbl.Gaudi.Utils.hasProperty(ip, name):
                raise AttributeError("property %s does not exist" % name)
            prop = ip.getProperty(name)
            if StringProperty == type(prop):
                return prop.value()
            elif StringPropertyRef == type(prop):
                return prop.value()
            try:
                return eval(prop.toString(), {}, {})
            except:
                return prop.value()
        else:
            opts = self._svcloc.getOptsSvc()
            if opts.has("{}.{}".format(self._name, name)):
                # from JobOptionsSvc we always have only strings
                return eval(opts.get("{}.{}".format(self._name, name)), {}, {})
            raise AttributeError("property %s does not exist" % name)
 
    def properties(self):
        dct = {}
        props = None
        ip = self.getInterface()
        if ip:
            props = ip.getProperties()
            propsFrom = self._name  # "interface"
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError("rely on IJobOptionsSvc")
            props = self._optsvc.getProperties(self._name)
            propsFrom = "jobOptionsSvc"
        if props:
            for p in props:
                try:
                    dct[p.name()] = PropertyEntry(p)
                except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "gaudimodule.iProperty.properties(): %s%s processing property %s.%s = %s"
                        % (e.__class__.__name__, e.args, propsFrom, p.name(), p.value())
                    )
        return dct
 
    def name(self):
        return self._name
 
 
# ----iService class-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iService(iProperty):
    """Python equivalent to IProperty interface"""
 
    def __init__(self, name, isvc=cppyy.nullptr):
        iProperty.__init__(self, name, isvc)
        self.__dict__["_isvc"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IService)(isvc)
 
    def retrieveInterface(self):
        isvc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, self._name)
        if isvc:
            iService.__init__(self, self._name, isvc)
 
    def initialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "initialize")
 
    def start(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "start")
 
    def stop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "stop")
 
    def finalize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "finalize")
 
    def reinitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "reinitialize")
 
    def restart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_isvc", "restart")
 
    def isValid(self):
        if self._isvc:
            return True
        else:
            return False
 
 
# ----iAlgorithm class---------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iAlgorithm(iProperty):
    """Python equivalent to IAlgorithm interface"""
 
    def __init__(self, name, ialg=cppyy.nullptr):
        iProperty.__init__(self, name, ialg)
        self.__dict__["_ialg"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgorithm)(ialg)
 
    def retrieveInterface(self):
        ialg = Helper.algorithm(
            InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgManager)(self._svcloc), self._name
        )
        if ialg:
            iAlgorithm.__init__(self, self._name, ialg)
 
    def initialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "initialize")
 
    def start(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "start")
 
    def execute(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "execute")
 
    def stop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "stop")
 
    def finalize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "finalize")
 
    def reinitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "reinitialize")
 
    def restart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "restart")
 
    def sysInitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysInitialize")
 
    def sysStart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysStart")
 
    def sysExecute(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysExecute")
 
    def sysStop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysStop")
 
    def sysFinalize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysFinalize")
 
    def sysReinitialize(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysReinitialize")
 
    def sysRestart(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_ialg", "sysRestart")
 
 
# ----iAlgTool class-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iAlgTool(iProperty):
    """Python equivalent to IAlgTool interface (not completed yet)"""
 
    def __init__(self, name, itool=cppyy.nullptr):
        iProperty.__init__(self, name, itool)
        self.__dict__["_itool"] = itool
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, "ToolSvc", True)
        self.__dict__["_toolsvc"] = iToolSvc("ToolSvc", svc)
 
    def retrieveInterface(self):
        itool = self._toolsvc._retrieve(self._name)
        if itool:
            iAlgTool.__init__(self, self._name, itool)
 
    def start(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_itool", "start")
 
    def stop(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_itool", "stop")
 
    def type(self):
        return self.__call_interface_method__("_itool", "type")
 
    def name(self):
        if self._itool:
            return self._itool.name()
        else:
            return self._name
 
 
# ----iDataSvc class-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iDataSvc(iService):
    def __init__(self, name, idp):
        iService.__init__(self, name, idp)
        self.__dict__["_idp"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IDataProviderSvc)(idp)
        self.__dict__["_idm"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IDataManagerSvc)(idp)
 
    def registerObject(self, path, obj):
        if not self._idp:
            raise AttributeError(
                "C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"]
            )
        return Helper.registerObject(self._idp, path, obj)
 
    def unregisterObject(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            raise AttributeError(
                "C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"]
            )
        return Helper.unregisterObject(self._idp, path)
 
    def retrieveObject(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            return cppyy.nullptr
        return Helper.dataobject(self._idp, path)
 
    # get object from TES
 
    def findObject(self, path):
        """
 
        Get the existing object in TransientStore for the given location
 
        - loading of object from persistency is NOT triggered
        - 'data-on-demand' action is NOT triggered
 
        >>> svc  =  ...                     ## get the service
        >>> path =  ...                     ## get the path in Transient Store
        >>> data = svc.findObject ( path )  ## use the method
 
        """
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return Helper.findobject(self._idp, path)
 
    # get or retrieve object, possible switch-off 'on-demand' actions
    def getObject(self, path, *args):
        """
        Get object from Transient Store  for the given location
 
        arguments :
        - path                           : Location of object in Transient Store
        - retrieve          (bool) True  : retrieve versus find
        - disable on-demand (bool) False : temporary disable 'on-demand' actions
 
        >>> svc  = ...   ## get the service
        >>> path = ...   ## get the path
 
        >>> data = svc.getObject ( path , False )  ## find object in Transient Store
 
        ## find object in Transient Store
        #  load form tape or use 'on-demand' action  for missing objects :
        >>> data = svc.getObject ( path , True  )
 
        ## find object in Transient Store
        #  load from tape or for missing objects, disable 'on-demand'-actions
        >>> data = svc.getObject ( path , True  , True )
 
        """
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return Helper.getobject(self._idp, path, *args)
 
    def __getitem__(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return Helper.dataobject(self._idp, path)
 
    def __setitem__(self, path, obj):
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return self.registerObject(path, obj)
 
    def __delitem__(self, path):
        if not self._idp:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return self.unregisterObject(path)
 
    def leaves(self, node=cppyy.nullptr):
        if node == cppyy.nullptr:
            node = self.retrieveObject("")
        ll = gbl.std.vector("IRegistry*")()
        if type(node) is str:
            obj = self.retrieveObject(node)
        else:
            obj = node
        if self._idm.objectLeaves(node, ll).isSuccess():
            return ll
 
    def dump(self, node=cppyy.nullptr):
        if node == cppyy.nullptr:
            root = self.retrieveObject("")
            if root:
                node = root.registry()
            else:
                return
        print(node.identifier())
        if node.object():
            for l in self.leaves(node):
                self.dump(l)
 
    def getList(self, node=cppyy.nullptr, lst=[], rootFID=None):
        if node == cppyy.nullptr:
            root = self.retrieveObject("")
            if root:
                node = root.registry()
                rootFID = node.address().par()
                lst = []
            else:
                return
        Helper.dataobject(self._idp, node.identifier())
        if node.object():
            lst.append(node.identifier())
            for l in self.leaves(node):
                if l.address() and l.address().par() == rootFID:
                    self.getList(l, lst, rootFID)
                else:
                    continue
        return lst
 
    def getHistoNames(self, node=cppyy.nullptr, lst=[]):
        if node == cppyy.nullptr:
            root = self.retrieveObject("")
            if root:
                node = root.registry()
                # rootFID = node.address().par()
                lst = []
            else:
                return
        Helper.dataobject(self._idp, node.identifier())
        if node.object():
            lst.append(node.identifier())
            for l in self.leaves(node):
                if l.name():  # and l.address().par() == rootFID :
                    self.getHistoNames(l, lst)
                else:
                    continue
        return lst
 
    def setRoot(self, name, obj):
        if not self._idm:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return self._idm.setRoot(name, obj)
 
    def clearStore(self):
        if not self._idm:
            raise IndexError("C++ service %s does not exist" % self.__dict__["_name"])
        return self._idm.clearStore()
 
 
# ----iHistogramSvc class------------------------------------------------------
class iHistogramSvc(iDataSvc):
    def __init__(self, name, ihs):
        self.__dict__["_ihs"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IHistogramSvc)(ihs)
        iDataSvc.__init__(self, name, ihs)
 
    def retrieve1D(self, path):
        return Helper.histo1D(self._ihs, path)
 
    def retrieve2D(self, path):
        return Helper.histo2D(self._ihs, path)
 
    def retrieve3D(self, path):
        return Helper.histo3D(self._ihs, path)
 
    def retrieveProfile1D(self, path):
        return Helper.profile1D(self._ihs, path)
 
    def retrieveProfile2D(self, path):
        return Helper.profile2D(self._ihs, path)
 
    def retrieve(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve AIDA histogram or AIDA profile histogram by path in Histogram Transient Store
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.retrieve ( 'path/to/my/histogram' )
        """
        h = self.retrieve1D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieve2D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieve3D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieveProfile1D(path)
        if not h:
            h = self.retrieveProfile2D(path)
        return h
 
    def book(self, *args):
        """
        Book the histograms(1D,2D&3D) , see IHistogramSvc::book
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.book( .... )
        """
        return self._ihs.book(*args)
 
    def bookProf(self, *args):
        """
        Book the profile(1D&2D) histograms, see IHistogramSvc::bookProf
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.bookProf( .... )
        """
        return self._ihs.bookProf(*args)
 
    def __getitem__(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve the object from  Histogram Transient Store (by path)
        The reference to AIDA histogram is returned (if possible)
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc['path/to/my/histogram']
        """
        h = self.retrieve(path)
        if h:
            return h
        return iDataSvc.__getitem__(self, path)
 
    def getAsAIDA(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve the histogram from  Histogram Transient Store (by path)
        The reference to AIDA histogram is returned (if possible)
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.getAsAIDA ( 'path/to/my/histogram' )
        """
        return self.__getitem__(path)
 
    def getAsROOT(self, path):
        """
        Retrieve the histogram from  Histogram Transient Store (by path)
        The Underlying native ROOT object is returned (if possible)
        >>> svc = ...
        >>> histo = svc.getAsROOT ( 'path/to/my/histogram' )
        """
        fun = gbl.Gaudi.Utils.Aida2ROOT.aida2root
        return fun(self.getAsAIDA(path))
 
 
# ----iNTupleSvc class---------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iNTupleSvc(iDataSvc):
    RowWiseTuple = 42
    ColumnWiseTuple = 43
 
    def __init__(self, name, ints):
        self.__dict__["_ints"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.INTupleSvc)(ints)
        iDataSvc.__init__(self, name, ints)
 
    def book(self, *args):
        return self._ints.book(*args)
 
    def defineOutput(self, files, typ="Gaudi::RootCnvSvc"):
        """Defines the mapping between logical names and the output file
        Usage:
          defineOutput({'LUN1':'MyFile1.root', 'LUN2':'Myfile2.root'}, svc='Gaudi::RootCnvSvc')
        """
        from . import Persistency as prs
 
        helper = prs.get(typ)
        helper.configure(AppMgr())
        self.Output = [helper.formatOutput(files[lun], lun=lun) for lun in files]
        if AppMgr().HistogramPersistency == "NONE":
            AppMgr().HistogramPersistency = "ROOT"
 
    def __getitem__(self, path):
        return iDataSvc.__getitem__(self, path)
 
 
# ----iToolSvc class-----------------------------------------------------------
class iToolSvc(iService):
    def __init__(self, name, its):
        self.__dict__["_its"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IToolSvc)(its)
        iService.__init__(self, name, its)
 
    def _retrieve(self, name, quiet=True):
        sol = _gaudi.OutputLevel
        if quiet:
            self.OutputLevel = 6
        if name.rfind(".") == -1:
            itool = Helper.tool(self._its, "", name, nullptr, False)
        elif name[0:8] == "ToolSvc.":
            itool = Helper.tool(self._its, "", name[8:], nullptr, False)
        elif name.count(".") > 1:
            ptool = self._retrieve(name[: name.rfind(".")])
            itool = Helper.tool(
                self._its, "", name[name.rfind(".") + 1 :], ptool, False
            )
        elif _gaudi:
            prop = _gaudi.property(name[: name.rfind(".")])
            itool = Helper.tool(
                self._its, "", name[name.rfind(".") + 1 :], prop._ip, False
            )
        if quiet:
            self.OutputLevel = sol
        return itool
 
    def retrieve(self, name):
        return iAlgTool(name, self._retrieve(name, quiet=False))
 
    def create(self, typ, name=None, parent=nullptr, interface=None):
        if not name:
            name = typ
        itool = Helper.tool(self._its, typ, name, parent, True)
        if interface:
            return InterfaceCast(interface)(itool)
        else:
            return iAlgTool(name, itool)
 
    def release(self, itool):
        if type(itool) is iAlgTool:
            self._its.releaseTool(itool._itool)
 
 
# ----iEventSelector class-----------------------------------------------------
 
 
class iEventSelector(iService):
    def __init__(self):
        iService.__init__(
            self,
            "EventSelector",
            Helper.service(gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator(), "EventSelector"),
        )
        self.__dict__["g"] = AppMgr()
 
    def open(self, stream, typ="Gaudi::RootCnvSvc", **kwargs):
        from . import Persistency as prs
 
        helper = prs.get(typ)
        helper.configure(self.g)
        self.Input = helper.formatInput(stream, **kwargs)
        self.reinitialize()
 
    def rewind(self):
        # It is not possible to reinitialize EventSelector only
        self.g.service("EventLoopMgr").reinitialize()
 
 
# ----AppMgr class-------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
class AppMgr(iService):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        global _gaudi
        if not _gaudi:
            newobj = object.__new__(cls)
            cls.__init__(newobj, *args, **kwargs)
            _gaudi = newobj
        return _gaudi
 
    def __reset__(self):
        global _gaudi
        # Stop, Finalize and Terminate the current AppMgr
        self.exit()
        # release interfaces
        self._evtpro.release()
        self._svcloc.release()
        self._appmgr.release()
        # Reset the C++ globals
        gbl.Gaudi.setInstance(makeNullPointer("ISvcLocator"))
        gbl.Gaudi.setInstance(makeNullPointer("IAppMgrUI"))
        # Reset the Python global
        _gaudi = None
 
    def __init__(
        self,
        outputlevel=-1,
        joboptions=None,
        selfoptions={},
        dllname=None,
        factname=None,
    ):
        global _gaudi
        if _gaudi:
            return
        # Make sure the python stdout buffer is flushed before c++ runs
        sys.stdout.flush()
        # Protection against multiple calls to exit() if the finalization fails
        self.__dict__["_exit_called"] = False
        # keep the Gaudi namespace around (so it is still available during atexit shutdown)...
        self.__dict__["_gaudi_ns"] = Gaudi
        try:
            from GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable import expandvars
        except ImportError:
            # pass-through implementation if expandvars is not defined (AthenaCommon)
            def expandvars(data):
                return data
 
        if dllname and factname:
            self.__dict__["_appmgr"] = gbl.Gaudi.createApplicationMgr(dllname, factname)
        elif dllname:
            self.__dict__["_appmgr"] = gbl.Gaudi.createApplicationMgr(dllname)
        else:
            self.__dict__["_appmgr"] = gbl.Gaudi.createApplicationMgr()
        self.__dict__["_svcloc"] = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
        self.__dict__["_algmgr"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgManager)(self._appmgr)
        self.__dict__["_evtpro"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.IEventProcessor)(self._appmgr)
        self.__dict__["_svcmgr"] = InterfaceCast(gbl.ISvcManager)(self._appmgr)
        self.__dict__["pyalgorithms"] = []
        iService.__init__(self, "ApplicationMgr", self._appmgr)
        # ------python specific initialization-------------------------------------
        if self.FSMState() < Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:  # Not yet configured
            self.JobOptionsType = "NONE"
            if joboptions:
                from GaudiKernel.ProcessJobOptions import importOptions
 
                importOptions(joboptions)
            # Ensure that the ConfigurableUser instances have been applied
            import GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable
 
            if hasattr(GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable, "applyConfigurableUsers"):
                GaudiKernel.Proxy.Configurable.applyConfigurableUsers()
            # This is the default and could be overridden with "selfopts"
            self.OutputLevel = 3
            try:
                appMgr = Configurable.allConfigurables["ApplicationMgr"]
                selfprops = expandvars(appMgr.getValuedProperties())
            except KeyError:
                selfprops = {}
            for p, v in selfprops.items():
                setattr(self, p, v)
            for p, v in selfoptions.items():
                setattr(self, p, v)
            # Override job options
            if outputlevel != -1:
                self.OutputLevel = outputlevel
            self.configure()
        # ---MessageSvc------------------------------------------------------------
        ms = self.service("MessageSvc")
        if "MessageSvc" in Configurable.allConfigurables:
            msprops = Configurable.allConfigurables["MessageSvc"]
            ms = self.service("MessageSvc")
            if hasattr(msprops, "getValuedProperties"):
                msprops = expandvars(msprops.getValuedProperties())
            for p, v in msprops.items():
                setattr(ms, p, v)
        if outputlevel != -1:
            ms.OutputLevel = outputlevel
        # ------Configurables initialization (part2)-------------------------------
        for n in getNeededConfigurables():
            c = Configurable.allConfigurables[n]
            if n in ["ApplicationMgr", "MessageSvc"]:
                continue  # These are already done---
            for p, v in c.getValuedProperties().items():
                v = expandvars(v)
                # Note: AthenaCommon.Configurable does not have Configurable.PropertyReference
                if (
                    hasattr(Configurable, "PropertyReference")
                    and type(v) == Configurable.PropertyReference
                ):
                    # this is done in "getFullName", but the exception is ignored,
                    # so we do it again to get it
                    v = v.__resolve__()
                if type(v) == str:
                    v = repr(v)  # need double quotes
                if type(v) == long:
                    v = "%d" % v  # prevent pending 'L'
                gbl.GaudiPython.Helpers.setProperty(
                    self._svcloc, ".".join([n, p]), str(v)
                )
        if hasattr(Configurable, "_configurationLocked"):
            Configurable._configurationLocked = True
 
        # Ensure that the exit method is called when exiting from Python
        import atexit
 
        atexit.register(self.exit)
 
        # ---Hack to avoid bad interactions with the ROOT exit handler
        # let's install a private version of atexit.register that detects when
        # the ROOT exit handler is installed and adds our own after it to ensure
        # it is called before.
        orig_register = atexit.register
 
        def register(func, *targs, **kargs):
            orig_register(func, *targs, **kargs)
            if hasattr(func, "__module__") and func.__module__ == "ROOT":
                orig_register(self.exit)
                # we do not need to remove out handler from the list because
                # it can be safely called more than once
 
        register.__doc__ = (
            orig_register.__doc__
            + "\nNote: version hacked by GaudiPython to work "
            + "around a problem with the ROOT exit handler"
        )
        atexit.register = register
 
    @property
    def opts(self):
        if "_svcloc" in self.__dict__:
            return self._svcloc.getOptsSvc()
        return None
 
    def state(self):
        return self._isvc.FSMState()
 
    def FSMState(self):
        return self._isvc.FSMState()
 
    def targetFSMState(self):
        return self._isvc.targetFSMState()
 
    def service(self, name, interface=None):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name)
        if interface:
            return InterfaceCast(interface)(svc)
        else:
            return iService(name, svc)
 
    def declSvcType(self, svcname, svctype):
        self._svcmgr.declareSvcType(svcname, svctype)
 
    def createSvc(self, name):
        return Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)
 
    def services(self):
        l = self._svcloc.getServices()
        return [s.name() for s in l]
 
    def algorithm(self, name, createIf=False):
        alg = Helper.algorithm(self._algmgr, name, createIf)
        if not alg:
            return iAlgorithm(name, alg)
        else:
            return iAlgorithm(alg.name(), alg)
 
    def algorithms(self):
        l = self._algmgr.getAlgorithms()
        return [a.name() for a in l]
 
    def tool(self, name):
        return iAlgTool(name)
 
    def property(self, name):
        if name in self.algorithms():
            return self.algorithm(name)
        elif name in self.services():
            return self.service(name)
        else:
            return iProperty(name)
 
    def datasvc(self, name):
        if self.state() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            self.initialize()
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name)
        return iDataSvc(name, svc)
 
    def evtsvc(self):
        return self.datasvc("EventDataSvc")
 
    def detsvc(self):
        return self.datasvc("DetectorDataSvc")
 
    def filerecordsvc(self):
        return self.datasvc("FileRecordDataSvc")
 
    def evtsel(self):
        if self.state() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            self.initialize()
        if not hasattr(self, "_evtsel"):
            self.__dict__["_evtsel"] = iEventSelector()
        return self._evtsel
 
    def histsvc(self, name="HistogramDataSvc"):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name)
        return iHistogramSvc(name, svc)
 
    def ntuplesvc(self, name="NTupleSvc"):
        if name not in self.ExtSvc:
            self.ExtSvc += [name]
        #    if self.HistogramPersistency == 'NONE' : self.HistogramPersistency = 'ROOT'
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)
        return iNTupleSvc(name, svc)
 
    def partsvc(self):
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            self.initialize()
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, "ParticlePropertySvc")
        return InterfaceCast(gbl.IParticlePropertySvc)(svc)
 
    def toolsvc(self, name="ToolSvc"):
        svc = Helper.service(self._svcloc, name, True)
        return iToolSvc(name, svc)
 
    def readOptions(self, file):
        return self.opts.readOptions(file)
 
    def addAlgorithm(self, alg):
        """Add an Algorithm to the list of Top algorithms. It can be either a instance of
        an Algorithm class or it name"""
        if type(alg) is str:
            self.topAlg += [alg]
        else:
            self.pyalgorithms.append(alg)
            setOwnership(alg, 0)
            if self.targetFSMState() >= Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
                alg.sysInitialize()
                if self.targetFSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.RUNNING:
                    alg.sysStart()
            self.topAlg += [alg.name()]
 
    def setAlgorithms(self, algs):
        """Set the list of Top Algorithms.
        It can be an individual of a list of algorithms names or instances"""
        if type(algs) is not list:
            algs = [algs]
        names = []
        for alg in algs:
            if type(alg) is str:
                names.append(alg)
            else:
                self.pyalgorithms.append(alg)
                if self.targetFSMState() >= Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
                    alg.sysInitialize()
                    if self.targetFSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.RUNNING:
                        alg.sysStart()
                names.append(alg.name())
        self.topAlg = names
 
    def removeAlgorithm(self, alg):
        """Remove an Algorithm to the list of Top algorithms. It can be either a instance of
        an Algorithm class or it name"""
        tmp = self.topAlg
        if type(alg) is str:
            tmp.remove(alg)
        else:
            tmp.remove(alg.name())
            self.pyalgorithms.remove(alg)
            setOwnership(alg, 1)
        self.topAlg = tmp
 
    def printAlgsSequences(self):
        """
        Print the sequence of Algorithms.
        """
 
        def printAlgo(algName, appMgr, prefix=" "):
            print(prefix + algName)
            alg = appMgr.algorithm(algName.split("/")[-1])
            prop = alg.properties()
            if "Members" in prop:
                subs = prop["Members"].value()
                for i in subs:
                    printAlgo(i.strip('"'), appMgr, prefix + "     ")
 
        mp = self.properties()
        prefix = "ApplicationMgr    SUCCESS "
        print(
            prefix
            + "****************************** Algorithm Sequence ****************************"
        )
        for i in mp["TopAlg"].value():
            printAlgo(i, self, prefix)
        print(
            prefix
            + "******************************************************************************"
        )
 
    def config(self, **args):
        """
        Simple utility to perform the configuration of Gaudi application.
        It reads the set of input job-options files, and set few
        additional parameters 'options' through the usage of temporary *.opts file
        Usage:
        gaudi.config( files   = [ '$GAUSSOPTS/Gauss.opts'                     ,
                                  '$DECFILESROOT/options/10022_010.0GeV.opts' ] ,
                      options = [ 'EventSelector.PrintFreq   =   5  '         ] )
        """
        files = args.get("files", [])
        for file in files:
            sc = self.readOptions(file)
            if sc.isFailure():
                raise RuntimeError(' Unable to read file "' + file + '" ')
        options = args.get("options", None)
        if options:
            import tempfile
 
            tmpfilename = tempfile.mktemp()
            tmpfile = open(tmpfilename, "w")
            tmpfile.write("#pragma print on  \n")
            tmpfile.write(
                '/// File         "' + tmpfilename + '" generated by GaudiPython \n\n'
            )
            for opt in options:
                if type(options) is dict:
                    tmpfile.write(
                        " \t "
                        + opt
                        + " = "
                        + options[opt]
                        + " ;  // added by GaudiPython \n"
                    )
                else:
                    tmpfile.write(" \t " + opt + " ;  // added by GaudiPython \n")
            tmpfile.write(
                '/// End of  file "' + tmpfilename + '" generated by GaudiPython \n\n'
            )
            tmpfile.close()
            sc = self.readOptions(tmpfilename)
            if sc.isFailure():
                raise RuntimeError(' Unable to read file "' + tmpfilename + '" ')
            os.remove(tmpfilename)
 
        return SUCCESS
 
    def configure(self):
        return self._appmgr.configure()
 
    def start(self):
        return self._appmgr.start()
 
    def terminate(self):
        return self._appmgr.terminate()
 
    def run(self, n):
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            sc = self.initialize()
            if sc.isFailure() or self.ReturnCode != 0:
                return sc
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
            sc = self.start()
            if sc.isFailure() or self.ReturnCode != 0:
                return sc
        return self._evtpro.executeRun(n)
 
    def executeEvent(self):
        return self._evtpro.executeEvent()
 
    def execute(self):
        return self._evtpro.executeEvent()
 
    def runSelectedEvents(self, pfn, events):
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
            sc = self.initialize()
            if sc.isFailure():
                return sc
        if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
            sc = self.start()
            if sc.isFailure():
                return sc
        # --- Access a number of services ----
        if not hasattr(self, "_perssvc"):
            self.__dict__["_perssvc"] = self.service(
                "EventPersistencySvc", "IAddressCreator"
            )
        if not hasattr(self, "_filecat"):
            self.__dict__["_filecat"] = self.service(
                "FileCatalog", "Gaudi::IFileCatalog"
            )
        if not hasattr(self, "_evtmgr"):
            self.__dict__["_evtmgr"] = self.service("EventDataSvc", "IDataManagerSvc")
        # --- Get FID from PFN and number of events in file
        if pfn.find("PFN:") == 0:
            pfn = pfn[4:]
        fid, maxevt = _getFIDandEvents(pfn)
        # --- Add FID into catalog if needed ---
        if not self._filecat.existsFID(fid):
            self._filecat.registerPFN(fid, pfn, "")
        # --- Loop over events
        if type(events) is not list:
            events = (events,)
        for evt in events:
            # --- Create POOL Address from Generic Address
            gadd = gbl.GenericAddress(0x02, 1, fid, "/Event", 0, evt)
            oadd = makeNullPointer("IOpaqueAddress")
            self._perssvc.createAddress(
                gadd.svcType(), gadd.clID(), gadd.par(), gadd.ipar(), oadd
            )
            # --- Clear TES, set root and run all algorithms
            self._evtmgr.clearStore()
            self._evtmgr.setRoot("/Event", oadd)
            self._evtpro.executeEvent()
 
    def exit(self):
        # Protection against multiple calls to exit() if the finalization fails
        if not self._exit_called:
            self.__dict__["_exit_called"] = True
            Gaudi = self._gaudi_ns
            if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.RUNNING:
                self._appmgr.stop().ignore()
            if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.INITIALIZED:
                self._appmgr.finalize().ignore()
            if self.FSMState() == Gaudi.StateMachine.CONFIGURED:
                self._appmgr.terminate()
        return SUCCESS
 
    # Custom destructor to ensure that the application is correctly finalized when exiting from python.
 
    def __del__(self):
        self.exit()
 
    evtSvc = evtsvc
    histSvc = histsvc
    ntupleSvc = ntuplesvc
    evtSel = evtsel
    detSvc = detsvc
    toolSvc = toolsvc
    partSvc = partsvc
 
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
def _getFIDandEvents(pfn):
    tfile = gbl.TFile.Open(pfn)
    if not tfile:
        raise IOError("Cannot open ROOT file {0}".format(pfn))
    tree = tfile.Get("##Params")
    tree.GetEvent(0)
    text = tree.db_string
    if "NAME=FID" in text:
        fid = text[text.rfind("VALUE=") + 6 : -1]
    nevt = tfile.Get("_Event").GetEntries()
    tfile.Close()
    return fid, nevt
 
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
def getComponentProperties(name):
    """Get all the properties of a component as a Python dictionary.
    The component is instantiated using the component library
    """
    properties = {}
    if name == "GaudiCoreSvc":
        if Helper.loadDynamicLib(name) != 1:
            raise ImportError("Error loading component library " + name)
        factorylist = gbl.FactoryTable.instance().getEntries()
        factories = _copyFactoriesFromList(factorylist)
        g = AppMgr(outputlevel=7)
    else:
        g = AppMgr(outputlevel=7)
        if Helper.loadDynamicLib(name) != 1:
            raise ImportError("Error loading component library " + name)
        factorylist = gbl.FactoryTable.instance().getEntries()
        factories = _copyFactoriesFromList(factorylist)
    svcloc = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
    dummysvc = gbl.Service("DummySvc", svcloc)
    for factory in factories:
        if InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgFactory)(factory):
            ctype = "Algorithm"
        elif InterfaceCast(gbl.ISvcFactory)(factory):
            ctype = "Service"
        elif InterfaceCast(gbl.IToolFactory)(factory):
            ctype = "AlgTool"
        elif factory.ident() == "ApplicationMgr":
            ctype = "ApplicationMgr"
        else:
            ctype = "Unknown"
        cname = factory.ident().split()[-1]
        if ctype in ("Algorithm", "Service", "AlgTool", "ApplicationMgr"):
            try:
                if ctype == "AlgTool":
                    obj = factory.instantiate(dummysvc)
                else:
                    obj = factory.instantiate(svcloc)
            except RuntimeError as text:
                print("Error instantiating", cname, " from ", name)
                print(text)
                continue
            prop = iProperty("dummy", obj)
            properties[cname] = [ctype, prop.properties()]
            try:
                obj.release()
            except:
                pass
    return properties
 
 
def _copyFactoriesFromList(factories):
    result = []
    for i in range(factories.size()):
        factory = factories.front()
        result.append(factory)
        factories.pop_front()
    for factory in result:
        factories.push_back(factory)
    return result
 
 
# ----CallbackStreamBuf--------------------------------------------------------
#    Used for redirecting C++ messages to python
_CallbackStreamBufBase = gbl.GaudiPython.CallbackStreamBuf
 
 
class CallbackStreamBuf(_CallbackStreamBufBase):
    def __init__(self, callback):
        _CallbackStreamBufBase.__init__(self, self)
        self.callback = callback
 
    def _sync(self, string=None):
        if not string:
            return 0
        self.callback(string)
        return 0
 
 
# ----PyAlgorithm--------------------------------------------------------------
# Used to implement Algorithms in Python
_PyAlgorithm = gbl.GaudiPython.PyAlgorithm
 
 
class PyAlgorithm(_PyAlgorithm):
    def __init__(self, name=None):
        if not name:
            name = self.__class__.__name__
        _PyAlgorithm.__init__(self, self, name)
        self._svcloc = gbl.Gaudi.svcLocator()
        self._algmgr = InterfaceCast(gbl.IAlgManager)(self._svcloc)
        sc = self._algmgr.addAlgorithm(self)
        if sc.isFailure():
            raise RuntimeError("Unable to add Algorithm")
 
    def __del__(self):
        sc = self._algmgr.removeAlgorithm(self)
        if sc.isFailure():
            pass
 
    def initialize(self):
        return 1
 
    def start(self):
        return 1
 
    def execute(self):
        return 1
 
    def stop(self):
        return 1
 
    def finalize(self):
        return 1
 
 
# ----Enable tab completion----------------------------------------------------
try:
    import readline
    import rlcompleter
 
    readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
except:
    pass